kdeldycke/meta-package-manager
GitHub: kdeldycke/meta-package-manager
一个统一包装所有包管理器的 CLI 工具，解决跨平台包管理命令碎片化问题。
Stars: 572 | Forks: 45
[](https://pypi.org/project/meta-package-manager)
[](https://pypi.org/project/meta-package-manager)
[](https://pepy.tech/projects/meta_package_manager)
[](https://github.com/kdeldycke/meta-package-manager/actions/workflows/tests.yaml?query=branch%3Amain)
[](https://app.codecov.io/gh/kdeldycke/meta-package-manager)
[](https://github.com/kdeldycke/meta-package-manager/actions/workflows/docs.yaml?query=branch%3Amain)
[](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6809571)
**What is Meta Package Manager?**
- provides the `mpm` CLI, a wrapper around all package managers
- `mpm` is like [`yt-dlp`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp), but for package
managers instead of videos
- `mpm` solves [XKCD #1654 - *Universal Install Script*](https://xkcd.com/1654/)
## 快速开始
Thanks to [`uv`](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/getting-started/installation/), you can run `mpm` on any platform in one command, without installation or venv:
```
$ uvx meta-package-manager
```
## 特性
- Inventory and list all [package managers](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html#managers) available on the system.
- Supports macOS, Linux and Windows.
- [Standalone executables](#executables) for Linux, macOS and Windows.
- [List installed packages](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html#installed).
- [List duplicate installed packages](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html#duplicates).
- [Search for packages](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html#search).
- [Install a package](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html#install).
- [Remove a package](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html#remove).
- [List outdated packages](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html#outdated).
- [Sync local package infos](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html#sync).
- [Upgrade all outdated packages](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html#upgrade).
- [Backup list of installed packages](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html#backup) to TOML file.
- [Restore/install list of packages](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html#restore) from TOML files.
- [Software Bill of Materials](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html#sbom): export installed packages to [SPDX](https://spdx.dev) and [CycloneDX](https://cyclonedx.org) SBOM files.
- Pin-point commands to a [subset of package managers](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/usecase.html) (include/exclude selectors).
- Support plain, versioned and [purl](https://github.com/package-url/purl-spec) package specifiers.
- Export output to [JSON or user-friendly tables](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html#mpm).
- [Shell auto-completion](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/install.html) for Bash, Zsh and Fish.
- Provides a [Xbar/SwiftBar plugin](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/bar-plugin.html) for
friendly macOS integration.
- Because `mpm` try to wrap all other package managers, it became another pathological case of [XKCD #927: Standards](https://xkcd.com/927/)
## 受支持的包管理器
One CLI to rule them all:
```
---
config: {"sankey": {"showValues": false, "width": 800, "height": 400}}
---
sankey-beta
Meta Package Manager,apm,1
Meta Package Manager,apt,1
Meta Package Manager,apt-mint,1
Meta Package Manager,brew,1
Meta Package Manager,cargo,1
Meta Package Manager,cask,1
Meta Package Manager,choco,1
Meta Package Manager,composer,1
Meta Package Manager,cpan,1
Meta Package Manager,deb-get,1
Meta Package Manager,dnf,1
Meta Package Manager,dnf5,1
Meta Package Manager,emerge,1
Meta Package Manager,eopkg,1
Meta Package Manager,flatpak,1
Meta Package Manager,fwupd,1
Meta Package Manager,gem,1
Meta Package Manager,mas,1
Meta Package Manager,nix,1
Meta Package Manager,npm,1
Meta Package Manager,opkg,1
Meta Package Manager,pacaur,1
Meta Package Manager,pacman,1
Meta Package Manager,pacstall,1
Meta Package Manager,paru,1
Meta Package Manager,pip,1
Meta Package Manager,pipx,1
Meta Package Manager,pkg,1
Meta Package Manager,scoop,1
Meta Package Manager,sdkman,1
Meta Package Manager,sfsu,1
Meta Package Manager,snap,1
Meta Package Manager,steamcmd,1
Meta Package Manager,stew,1
Meta Package Manager,uv,1
Meta Package Manager,uvx,1
Meta Package Manager,vscode,1
Meta Package Manager,vscodium,1
Meta Package Manager,winget,1
Meta Package Manager,yarn,1
Meta Package Manager,yarn-berry,1
Meta Package Manager,yay,1
Meta Package Manager,yum,1
Meta Package Manager,zerobrew,1
Meta Package Manager,zypper,1
```
## 元数据和操作
| Package manager | Version | BSD[^bsd] | Linux[^linux] | macOS | Unix[^unix] | Windows | `installed` | `outdated` | `search` | `install` | `upgrade` | `upgrade_all` | `remove` | `sync` | `cleanup` |
| :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :--------------- | :-------: | :-----------: | :---: | :---------: | :-----: | :---------: | :--------: | :------: | :-------: | :-------: | :-----------: | :------: | :----: | :-------: |
| [`apm`](https://atom.io/packages) [⚠️](https://github.blog/2022-06-08-sunsetting-atom/) | >=1.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | |
| [`apt`](https://wiki.debian.org/AptCLI) | >=1.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`apt-mint`](https://github.com/kdeldycke/meta-package-manager/issues/52) | >=1.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`brew`](https://brew.sh) | >=2.7.0 | | 🐧 | 🍎 | | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`cargo`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/) | >=1.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | | | ✓ | | |
| [`cask`](https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-cask) | >=2.7.0 | | | 🍎 | | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`choco`](https://chocolatey.org) | >=2.0.0 | | | | | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | |
| [`composer`](https://getcomposer.org) | >=1.4.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | ✓ |
| [`cpan`](https://www.cpan.org) | >=1.64 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | |
| [`deb-get`](https://github.com/wimpysworld/deb-get) | | | 🐧 | | | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`dnf`](https://github.com/rpm-software-management/dnf) | >=4.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`dnf5`](https://github.com/rpm-software-management/dnf5) | >=5.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`emerge`](https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Portage#emerge) | >=3.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`eopkg`](https://github.com/getsolus/eopkg/) | >=3.2.0 | | 🐧 | | | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`flatpak`](https://flatpak.org) | >=1.2.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | ✓ |
| [`fwupd`](https://fwupd.org) | >=1.9.5 | | 🐧 | | | | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | |
| [`gem`](https://rubygems.org) | >=2.5.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ |
| [`mas`](https://github.com/argon/mas) | >=1.8.7 | | | 🍎 | | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | |
| [`nix`](https://nixos.org) | >=2.0.0 | | 🐧 | 🍎 | | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`npm`](https://www.npmjs.com) | >=4.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | |
| [`opkg`](https://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/opkg/) | >=0.2.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | |
| [`pacaur`](https://github.com/E5ten/pacaur) | >=4.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`pacman`](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/pacman) | >=5.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`pacstall`](https://pacstall.dev) | >=6.0.0 | | 🐧 | | | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| [`paru`](https://github.com/Morganamilo/paru) | >=1.9.3 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`pip`](https://pip.pypa.io) | >=10.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | |
| [`pipx`](https://pipx.pypa.io) | >=1.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | |
| [`pkg`](https://github.com/freebsd/pkg) | >=1.11 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`scoop`](https://scoop.sh) | >=0.2.4 | | | | | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`sdkman`](https://sdkman.io) | >=5.0.0 | | 🐧 | 🍎 | | | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`sfsu`](https://github.com/winpax/sfsu) | >=1.16.0 | | | | | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`snap`](https://snapcraft.io) | >=2.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | |
| [`steamcmd`](https://developer.valvesoftware.com/wiki/SteamCMD) | | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | | | | ✓ | | | | | |
| [`stew`](https://github.com/marwanhawari/stew) | >=0.3.0 | | 🐧 | 🍎 | | 🪟 | ✓ | | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | |
| [`uv`](https://docs.astral.sh/uv) | >=0.5.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ |
| [`uvx`](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/guides/tools/) | >=0.10.10 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | |
| [`vscode`](https://code.visualstudio.com) | >=1.60.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | ✓ | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | |
| [`vscodium`](https://vscodium.com) | >=1.60.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | ✓ | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | |
| [`winget`](https://github.com/microsoft/winget-cli) | >=1.28.190 | | | | | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | |
| [`yarn`](https://yarnpkg.com) | >=1.20.0,\<2.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ |
| [`yarn-berry`](https://yarnpkg.com) | >=2.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | | | ✓ | | | | | | ✓ |
| [`yay`](https://github.com/Jguer/yay) | >=11.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`yum`](http://yum.baseurl.org) | >=4.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`zerobrew`](https://github.com/lucasgelfond/zerobrew) | >=0.2.0 | | 🐧 | 🍎 | | | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | |
| [`zypper`](https://en.opensuse.org/Portal:Zypper) | >=1.14.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ |
## 安装
All [installation methods](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/install.html) are available in the documentation. Below are the most popular ones:
### macOS
`mpm` is part of the official [Homebrew](https://brew.sh) default tap, so you can install it with:
```
$ brew install meta-package-manager
```
### Windows
`mpm` is available in the `main` repository of [Scoop](https://scoop.sh), so you just need to:
```
> scoop install main/meta-package-manager
```
### 可执行文件
Standalone binaries of `mpm` latest version are available as direct downloads for several platforms and architectures:
| Platform | `arm64` | `x86_64` |
| ----------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **Linux** | [Download `mpm-linux-arm64.bin`](https://github.com/kdeldycke/meta-package-manager/releases/latest/download/mpm-linux-arm64.bin) | [Download `mpm-linux-x64.bin`](https://github.com/kdeldycke/meta-package-manager/releases/latest/download/mpm-linux-x64.bin) |
| **macOS** | [Download `mpm-macos-arm64.bin`](https://github.com/kdeldycke/meta-package-manager/releases/latest/download/mpm-macos-arm64.bin) | [Download `mpm-macos-x64.bin`](https://github.com/kdeldycke/meta-package-manager/releases/latest/download/mpm-macos-x64.bin) |
| **Windows** | [Download `mpm-windows-arm64.exe`](https://github.com/kdeldycke/meta-package-manager/releases/latest/download/mpm-windows-arm64.exe) | [Download `mpm-windows-x64.exe`](https://github.com/kdeldycke/meta-package-manager/releases/latest/download/mpm-windows-x64.exe) |
No need to install Python or `uv`. Useful for CI/CD pipelines running on minimal images, or old platforms where dependency management is painful.
## 快速启动
### 列出已安装的包
List all packages installed on current system:
```
$ mpm installed
╭─────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┬─────────┬────────────────────╮
│ Package name │ ID │ Manager │ Installed version │
├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼─────────┼────────────────────┤
│ github │ github │ apm │ 0.36.9 │
│ update-package-dependencies │ update-package-dependencies │ apm │ 0.13.1 │
│ rust │ rust │ brew │ 1.55.0 │
│ x264 │ x264 │ brew │ r3060 │
│ atom │ atom │ cask │ 1.58.0 │
│ visual-studio-code │ visual-studio-code │ cask │ 1.52.0 │
│ nokogiri │ nokogiri │ gem │ x86_64-darwin │
│ rake │ rake │ gem │ 13.0.3 │
│ iMovie │ 408981434 │ mas │ 10.2.5 │
│ Telegram │ 747648890 │ mas │ 8.1 │
│ npm │ npm │ npm │ 7.24.0 │
│ raven │ raven │ npm │ 2.6.4 │
│ jupyterlab │ jupyterlab │ pip │ 3.1.14 │
│ Sphinx │ Sphinx │ pip │ 4.2.0 │
│ ms-python.python │ ms-python.python │ vscode │ 2021.10.1317843341 │
│ ms-toolsai.jupyter │ ms-toolsai.jupyter │ vscode │ 2021.9.1001312534 │
╰─────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┴─────────┴────────────────────╯
16 packages total (brew: 2, pip: 2, apm: 2, gem: 2, cask: 2, mas: 2, vscode: 2, npm: 2, composer: 0).
```
### 列出过时的包
List all packages installed for which an upgrade is available:
```
$ mpm outdated
╭──────────────┬─────────────┬─────────┬───────────────────┬────────────────╮
│ Package name │ ID │ Manager │ Installed version │ Latest version │
├──────────────┼─────────────┼─────────┼───────────────────┼────────────────┤
│ curl │ curl │ brew │ 7.79.1 │ 7.79.1_1 │
│ git │ git │ brew │ 2.33.0 │ 2.33.0_1 │
│ openssl@1.1 │ openssl@1.1 │ brew │ 1.1.1l │ 1.1.1l_1 │
│ rake │ rake │ gem │ 13.0.3 │ 13.0.6 │
│ Telegram │ 747648890 │ mas │ 8.1 │ 8.1.3 │
│ npm │ npm@8.0.0 │ npm │ 7.24.0 │ 8.0.0 │
│ pip │ pip │ pip │ 21.2.4 │ 21.3 │
│ regex │ regex │ pip │ 2021.9.30 │ 2021.10.8 │
╰──────────────┴─────────────┴─────────┴───────────────────┴────────────────╯
8 packages total (brew: 3, pip: 2, gem: 1, mas: 1, npm: 1, apm: 0, cask: 0, composer: 0).
```
### 列出包管理器
If you wonder why your package manager doesn't seems to be identified, you can list all those recognized by `mpm` with:
```
$ mpm --all-managers managers
╭────────────┬────────────────────┬────────────────┬──────────────────────────────┬────────────┬───────────╮
│ Manager ID │ Name │ Supported │ CLI │ Executable │ Version │
├────────────┼────────────────────┼────────────────┼──────────────────────────────┼────────────┼───────────┤
│ apm │ Atom's apm │ ✓ │ ✘ apm not found │ │ │
│ apt │ APT │ ✘ Linux only │ ✓ /usr/bin/apt │ ✓ │ ✘ │
│ apt-mint │ Linux Mint's apt │ ✘ Linux only │ ✓ /usr/bin/apt │ ✓ │ ✘ │
│ brew │ Homebrew Formulae │ ✓ │ ✓ /opt/homebrew/bin/brew │ ✓ │ ✓ 3.6.3 │
│ cargo │ Rust's cargo │ ✓ │ ✓ /opt/homebrew/bin/cargo │ ✓ │ ✓ 1.64.0 │
│ cask │ Homebrew Cask │ ✓ │ ✓ /opt/homebrew/bin/brew │ ✓ │ ✓ 3.6.3 │
│ choco │ Chocolatey │ ✘ Windows only │ ✘ choco not found │ │ │
│ composer │ PHP's Composer │ ✓ │ ✓ /opt/homebrew/bin/composer │ ✓ │ ✓ 2.4.2 │
│ dnf │ DNF │ ✘ Linux only │ ✘ dnf not found │ │ │
│ emerge │ Emerge │ ✘ Linux only │ ✘ emerge not found │ │ │
│ flatpak │ Flatpak │ ✘ Linux only │ ✘ flatpak not found │ │ │
│ gem │ Ruby Gems │ ✓ │ ✓ /usr/bin/gem │ ✓ │ ✓ 3.0.3.1 │
│ mas │ Mac AppStore │ ✓ │ ✓ /opt/homebrew/bin/mas │ ✓ │ ✓ 1.8.6 │
│ npm │ Node's npm │ ✓ │ ✓ /opt/homebrew/bin/npm │ ✓ │ ✓ 8.19.2 │
│ opkg │ OPKG │ ✘ Linux only │ ✘ opkg not found │ │ │
│ pacman │ Pacman │ ✘ Linux only │ ✘ pacman not found │ │ │
│ pacstall │ Pacstall │ ✘ Linux only │ ✘ pacstall not found │ │ │
│ paru │ Paru │ ✘ Linux only │ ✘ paru not found │ │ │
│ pip │ Pip │ ✓ │ ✓ ~/.pyenv/shims/python3 │ ✓ │ ✓ 22.2.2 │
│ pipx │ Pipx │ ✓ │ ✓ /opt/homebrew/bin/pipx │ ✓ │ ✓ 1.1.0 │
│ scoop │ Scoop │ ✘ Windows only │ ✘ scoop not found │ │ │
│ sdkman │ SDKMAN │ ✓ │ ✘ sdkman-init.sh not found │ │ │
│ snap │ Snap │ ✘ Linux only │ ✘ snap not found │ │ │
│ steamcmd │ Valve Steam │ ✓ │ ✘ steamcmd not found │ │ │
│ vscode │ Visual Studio Code │ ✓ │ ✓ /opt/homebrew/bin/code │ ✓ │ ✓ 1.71.2 │
│ yarn │ Yarn Classic │ ✓ │ ✓ /opt/homebrew/bin/yarn │ ✓ │ ✓ 1.22.19 │
│ yarn-berry │ Yarn Berry │ ✓ │ ✓ /opt/homebrew/bin/yarn │ ✓ │ ✗ 1.22.19 │
│ yay │ Yay │ ✘ Linux only │ ✘ yay not found │ │ │
│ yum │ YUM │ ✘ Linux only │ ✘ yum not found │ │ │
│ zypper │ Zypper │ ✘ Linux only │ ✘ zypper not found │ │ │
╰────────────┴────────────────────┴────────────────┴──────────────────────────────┴────────────┴───────────╯
```
## 使用场景
Check these projects to get real-life examples of `mpm` usage:
## 用法
Other subcommands and options are documented in:
- the [detailed help screens](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html)
- the [list of use-cases](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/usecase.html) where you’ll find inspiration on how to leverage `mpm` power
[^bsd]: BSD: DragonFly BSD, FreeBSD, MidnightBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, SunOS.
[^linux]: Linux: Alpine Linux, ALT Linux, Amazon Linux, Android, Arch Linux, Buildroot, CachyOS, CentOS, CloudLinux OS, Debian, Exherbo Linux, Fedora, Generic Linux, Gentoo Linux, Guix System, IBM PowerKVM, Kali Linux, KVM for IBM z Systems, Linux Mint, Mageia, Mandriva Linux, Manjaro Linux, Nobara, openSUSE, openSUSE Tumbleweed, OpenWrt, Oracle Linux, Parallels, Pidora, Raspbian, RedHat Enterprise Linux, Rocky Linux, Scientific Linux, Slackware, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server, Tuxedo OS, Ubuntu, Ultramarine, Void Linux, Windows Subsystem for Linux v1, Windows Subsystem for Linux v2, XenServer.
[^unix]: Unix: Cygwin, GNU/Hurd, Haiku, IBM AIX, illumos, Solaris.
- Inventory and list all [package managers](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html#managers) available on the system.
- Supports macOS, Linux and Windows.
- [Standalone executables](#executables) for Linux, macOS and Windows.
- [List installed packages](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html#installed).
- [List duplicate installed packages](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html#duplicates).
- [Search for packages](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html#search).
- [Install a package](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html#install).
- [Remove a package](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html#remove).
- [List outdated packages](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html#outdated).
- [Sync local package infos](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html#sync).
- [Upgrade all outdated packages](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html#upgrade).
- [Backup list of installed packages](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html#backup) to TOML file.
- [Restore/install list of packages](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html#restore) from TOML files.
- [Software Bill of Materials](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html#sbom): export installed packages to [SPDX](https://spdx.dev) and [CycloneDX](https://cyclonedx.org) SBOM files.
- Pin-point commands to a [subset of package managers](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/usecase.html) (include/exclude selectors).
- Support plain, versioned and [purl](https://github.com/package-url/purl-spec) package specifiers.
- Export output to [JSON or user-friendly tables](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html#mpm).
- [Shell auto-completion](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/install.html) for Bash, Zsh and Fish.
- Provides a [Xbar/SwiftBar plugin](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/bar-plugin.html) for
friendly macOS integration.
- Because `mpm` try to wrap all other package managers, it became another pathological case of [XKCD #927: Standards](https://xkcd.com/927/)
## 受支持的包管理器
One CLI to rule them all:
```
---
config: {"sankey": {"showValues": false, "width": 800, "height": 400}}
---
sankey-beta
Meta Package Manager,apm,1
Meta Package Manager,apt,1
Meta Package Manager,apt-mint,1
Meta Package Manager,brew,1
Meta Package Manager,cargo,1
Meta Package Manager,cask,1
Meta Package Manager,choco,1
Meta Package Manager,composer,1
Meta Package Manager,cpan,1
Meta Package Manager,deb-get,1
Meta Package Manager,dnf,1
Meta Package Manager,dnf5,1
Meta Package Manager,emerge,1
Meta Package Manager,eopkg,1
Meta Package Manager,flatpak,1
Meta Package Manager,fwupd,1
Meta Package Manager,gem,1
Meta Package Manager,mas,1
Meta Package Manager,nix,1
Meta Package Manager,npm,1
Meta Package Manager,opkg,1
Meta Package Manager,pacaur,1
Meta Package Manager,pacman,1
Meta Package Manager,pacstall,1
Meta Package Manager,paru,1
Meta Package Manager,pip,1
Meta Package Manager,pipx,1
Meta Package Manager,pkg,1
Meta Package Manager,scoop,1
Meta Package Manager,sdkman,1
Meta Package Manager,sfsu,1
Meta Package Manager,snap,1
Meta Package Manager,steamcmd,1
Meta Package Manager,stew,1
Meta Package Manager,uv,1
Meta Package Manager,uvx,1
Meta Package Manager,vscode,1
Meta Package Manager,vscodium,1
Meta Package Manager,winget,1
Meta Package Manager,yarn,1
Meta Package Manager,yarn-berry,1
Meta Package Manager,yay,1
Meta Package Manager,yum,1
Meta Package Manager,zerobrew,1
Meta Package Manager,zypper,1
```
## 元数据和操作
| Package manager | Version | BSD[^bsd] | Linux[^linux] | macOS | Unix[^unix] | Windows | `installed` | `outdated` | `search` | `install` | `upgrade` | `upgrade_all` | `remove` | `sync` | `cleanup` |
| :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :--------------- | :-------: | :-----------: | :---: | :---------: | :-----: | :---------: | :--------: | :------: | :-------: | :-------: | :-----------: | :------: | :----: | :-------: |
| [`apm`](https://atom.io/packages) [⚠️](https://github.blog/2022-06-08-sunsetting-atom/) | >=1.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | |
| [`apt`](https://wiki.debian.org/AptCLI) | >=1.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`apt-mint`](https://github.com/kdeldycke/meta-package-manager/issues/52) | >=1.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`brew`](https://brew.sh) | >=2.7.0 | | 🐧 | 🍎 | | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`cargo`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/) | >=1.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | | | ✓ | | |
| [`cask`](https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-cask) | >=2.7.0 | | | 🍎 | | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`choco`](https://chocolatey.org) | >=2.0.0 | | | | | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | |
| [`composer`](https://getcomposer.org) | >=1.4.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | ✓ |
| [`cpan`](https://www.cpan.org) | >=1.64 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | |
| [`deb-get`](https://github.com/wimpysworld/deb-get) | | | 🐧 | | | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`dnf`](https://github.com/rpm-software-management/dnf) | >=4.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`dnf5`](https://github.com/rpm-software-management/dnf5) | >=5.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`emerge`](https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Portage#emerge) | >=3.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`eopkg`](https://github.com/getsolus/eopkg/) | >=3.2.0 | | 🐧 | | | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`flatpak`](https://flatpak.org) | >=1.2.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | ✓ |
| [`fwupd`](https://fwupd.org) | >=1.9.5 | | 🐧 | | | | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | |
| [`gem`](https://rubygems.org) | >=2.5.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ |
| [`mas`](https://github.com/argon/mas) | >=1.8.7 | | | 🍎 | | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | |
| [`nix`](https://nixos.org) | >=2.0.0 | | 🐧 | 🍎 | | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`npm`](https://www.npmjs.com) | >=4.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | |
| [`opkg`](https://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/opkg/) | >=0.2.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | |
| [`pacaur`](https://github.com/E5ten/pacaur) | >=4.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`pacman`](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/pacman) | >=5.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`pacstall`](https://pacstall.dev) | >=6.0.0 | | 🐧 | | | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| [`paru`](https://github.com/Morganamilo/paru) | >=1.9.3 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`pip`](https://pip.pypa.io) | >=10.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | |
| [`pipx`](https://pipx.pypa.io) | >=1.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | |
| [`pkg`](https://github.com/freebsd/pkg) | >=1.11 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`scoop`](https://scoop.sh) | >=0.2.4 | | | | | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`sdkman`](https://sdkman.io) | >=5.0.0 | | 🐧 | 🍎 | | | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`sfsu`](https://github.com/winpax/sfsu) | >=1.16.0 | | | | | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`snap`](https://snapcraft.io) | >=2.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | |
| [`steamcmd`](https://developer.valvesoftware.com/wiki/SteamCMD) | | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | | | | ✓ | | | | | |
| [`stew`](https://github.com/marwanhawari/stew) | >=0.3.0 | | 🐧 | 🍎 | | 🪟 | ✓ | | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | |
| [`uv`](https://docs.astral.sh/uv) | >=0.5.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ |
| [`uvx`](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/guides/tools/) | >=0.10.10 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | |
| [`vscode`](https://code.visualstudio.com) | >=1.60.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | ✓ | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | |
| [`vscodium`](https://vscodium.com) | >=1.60.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | ✓ | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | |
| [`winget`](https://github.com/microsoft/winget-cli) | >=1.28.190 | | | | | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | |
| [`yarn`](https://yarnpkg.com) | >=1.20.0,\<2.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ |
| [`yarn-berry`](https://yarnpkg.com) | >=2.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | 🍎 | ⨂ | 🪟 | | | ✓ | | | | | | ✓ |
| [`yay`](https://github.com/Jguer/yay) | >=11.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`yum`](http://yum.baseurl.org) | >=4.0.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| [`zerobrew`](https://github.com/lucasgelfond/zerobrew) | >=0.2.0 | | 🐧 | 🍎 | | | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | |
| [`zypper`](https://en.opensuse.org/Portal:Zypper) | >=1.14.0 | 🅱️ | 🐧 | | ⨂ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ |
## 安装
All [installation methods](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/install.html) are available in the documentation. Below are the most popular ones:
### macOS
`mpm` is part of the official [Homebrew](https://brew.sh) default tap, so you can install it with:
```
$ brew install meta-package-manager
```
### Windows
`mpm` is available in the `main` repository of [Scoop](https://scoop.sh), so you just need to:
```
> scoop install main/meta-package-manager
```
### 可执行文件
Standalone binaries of `mpm` latest version are available as direct downloads for several platforms and architectures:
| Platform | `arm64` | `x86_64` |
| ----------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **Linux** | [Download `mpm-linux-arm64.bin`](https://github.com/kdeldycke/meta-package-manager/releases/latest/download/mpm-linux-arm64.bin) | [Download `mpm-linux-x64.bin`](https://github.com/kdeldycke/meta-package-manager/releases/latest/download/mpm-linux-x64.bin) |
| **macOS** | [Download `mpm-macos-arm64.bin`](https://github.com/kdeldycke/meta-package-manager/releases/latest/download/mpm-macos-arm64.bin) | [Download `mpm-macos-x64.bin`](https://github.com/kdeldycke/meta-package-manager/releases/latest/download/mpm-macos-x64.bin) |
| **Windows** | [Download `mpm-windows-arm64.exe`](https://github.com/kdeldycke/meta-package-manager/releases/latest/download/mpm-windows-arm64.exe) | [Download `mpm-windows-x64.exe`](https://github.com/kdeldycke/meta-package-manager/releases/latest/download/mpm-windows-x64.exe) |
No need to install Python or `uv`. Useful for CI/CD pipelines running on minimal images, or old platforms where dependency management is painful.
## 快速启动
### 列出已安装的包
List all packages installed on current system:
```
$ mpm installed
╭─────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┬─────────┬────────────────────╮
│ Package name │ ID │ Manager │ Installed version │
├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼─────────┼────────────────────┤
│ github │ github │ apm │ 0.36.9 │
│ update-package-dependencies │ update-package-dependencies │ apm │ 0.13.1 │
│ rust │ rust │ brew │ 1.55.0 │
│ x264 │ x264 │ brew │ r3060 │
│ atom │ atom │ cask │ 1.58.0 │
│ visual-studio-code │ visual-studio-code │ cask │ 1.52.0 │
│ nokogiri │ nokogiri │ gem │ x86_64-darwin │
│ rake │ rake │ gem │ 13.0.3 │
│ iMovie │ 408981434 │ mas │ 10.2.5 │
│ Telegram │ 747648890 │ mas │ 8.1 │
│ npm │ npm │ npm │ 7.24.0 │
│ raven │ raven │ npm │ 2.6.4 │
│ jupyterlab │ jupyterlab │ pip │ 3.1.14 │
│ Sphinx │ Sphinx │ pip │ 4.2.0 │
│ ms-python.python │ ms-python.python │ vscode │ 2021.10.1317843341 │
│ ms-toolsai.jupyter │ ms-toolsai.jupyter │ vscode │ 2021.9.1001312534 │
╰─────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┴─────────┴────────────────────╯
16 packages total (brew: 2, pip: 2, apm: 2, gem: 2, cask: 2, mas: 2, vscode: 2, npm: 2, composer: 0).
```
### 列出过时的包
List all packages installed for which an upgrade is available:
```
$ mpm outdated
╭──────────────┬─────────────┬─────────┬───────────────────┬────────────────╮
│ Package name │ ID │ Manager │ Installed version │ Latest version │
├──────────────┼─────────────┼─────────┼───────────────────┼────────────────┤
│ curl │ curl │ brew │ 7.79.1 │ 7.79.1_1 │
│ git │ git │ brew │ 2.33.0 │ 2.33.0_1 │
│ openssl@1.1 │ openssl@1.1 │ brew │ 1.1.1l │ 1.1.1l_1 │
│ rake │ rake │ gem │ 13.0.3 │ 13.0.6 │
│ Telegram │ 747648890 │ mas │ 8.1 │ 8.1.3 │
│ npm │ npm@8.0.0 │ npm │ 7.24.0 │ 8.0.0 │
│ pip │ pip │ pip │ 21.2.4 │ 21.3 │
│ regex │ regex │ pip │ 2021.9.30 │ 2021.10.8 │
╰──────────────┴─────────────┴─────────┴───────────────────┴────────────────╯
8 packages total (brew: 3, pip: 2, gem: 1, mas: 1, npm: 1, apm: 0, cask: 0, composer: 0).
```
### 列出包管理器
If you wonder why your package manager doesn't seems to be identified, you can list all those recognized by `mpm` with:
```
$ mpm --all-managers managers
╭────────────┬────────────────────┬────────────────┬──────────────────────────────┬────────────┬───────────╮
│ Manager ID │ Name │ Supported │ CLI │ Executable │ Version │
├────────────┼────────────────────┼────────────────┼──────────────────────────────┼────────────┼───────────┤
│ apm │ Atom's apm │ ✓ │ ✘ apm not found │ │ │
│ apt │ APT │ ✘ Linux only │ ✓ /usr/bin/apt │ ✓ │ ✘ │
│ apt-mint │ Linux Mint's apt │ ✘ Linux only │ ✓ /usr/bin/apt │ ✓ │ ✘ │
│ brew │ Homebrew Formulae │ ✓ │ ✓ /opt/homebrew/bin/brew │ ✓ │ ✓ 3.6.3 │
│ cargo │ Rust's cargo │ ✓ │ ✓ /opt/homebrew/bin/cargo │ ✓ │ ✓ 1.64.0 │
│ cask │ Homebrew Cask │ ✓ │ ✓ /opt/homebrew/bin/brew │ ✓ │ ✓ 3.6.3 │
│ choco │ Chocolatey │ ✘ Windows only │ ✘ choco not found │ │ │
│ composer │ PHP's Composer │ ✓ │ ✓ /opt/homebrew/bin/composer │ ✓ │ ✓ 2.4.2 │
│ dnf │ DNF │ ✘ Linux only │ ✘ dnf not found │ │ │
│ emerge │ Emerge │ ✘ Linux only │ ✘ emerge not found │ │ │
│ flatpak │ Flatpak │ ✘ Linux only │ ✘ flatpak not found │ │ │
│ gem │ Ruby Gems │ ✓ │ ✓ /usr/bin/gem │ ✓ │ ✓ 3.0.3.1 │
│ mas │ Mac AppStore │ ✓ │ ✓ /opt/homebrew/bin/mas │ ✓ │ ✓ 1.8.6 │
│ npm │ Node's npm │ ✓ │ ✓ /opt/homebrew/bin/npm │ ✓ │ ✓ 8.19.2 │
│ opkg │ OPKG │ ✘ Linux only │ ✘ opkg not found │ │ │
│ pacman │ Pacman │ ✘ Linux only │ ✘ pacman not found │ │ │
│ pacstall │ Pacstall │ ✘ Linux only │ ✘ pacstall not found │ │ │
│ paru │ Paru │ ✘ Linux only │ ✘ paru not found │ │ │
│ pip │ Pip │ ✓ │ ✓ ~/.pyenv/shims/python3 │ ✓ │ ✓ 22.2.2 │
│ pipx │ Pipx │ ✓ │ ✓ /opt/homebrew/bin/pipx │ ✓ │ ✓ 1.1.0 │
│ scoop │ Scoop │ ✘ Windows only │ ✘ scoop not found │ │ │
│ sdkman │ SDKMAN │ ✓ │ ✘ sdkman-init.sh not found │ │ │
│ snap │ Snap │ ✘ Linux only │ ✘ snap not found │ │ │
│ steamcmd │ Valve Steam │ ✓ │ ✘ steamcmd not found │ │ │
│ vscode │ Visual Studio Code │ ✓ │ ✓ /opt/homebrew/bin/code │ ✓ │ ✓ 1.71.2 │
│ yarn │ Yarn Classic │ ✓ │ ✓ /opt/homebrew/bin/yarn │ ✓ │ ✓ 1.22.19 │
│ yarn-berry │ Yarn Berry │ ✓ │ ✓ /opt/homebrew/bin/yarn │ ✓ │ ✗ 1.22.19 │
│ yay │ Yay │ ✘ Linux only │ ✘ yay not found │ │ │
│ yum │ YUM │ ✘ Linux only │ ✘ yum not found │ │ │
│ zypper │ Zypper │ ✘ Linux only │ ✘ zypper not found │ │ │
╰────────────┴────────────────────┴────────────────┴──────────────────────────────┴────────────┴───────────╯
```
## 使用场景
Check these projects to get real-life examples of `mpm` usage:
## 用法
Other subcommands and options are documented in:
- the [detailed help screens](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/cli-parameters.html)
- the [list of use-cases](https://kdeldycke.github.io/meta-package-manager/usecase.html) where you’ll find inspiration on how to leverage `mpm` power
[^bsd]: BSD: DragonFly BSD, FreeBSD, MidnightBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, SunOS.
[^linux]: Linux: Alpine Linux, ALT Linux, Amazon Linux, Android, Arch Linux, Buildroot, CachyOS, CentOS, CloudLinux OS, Debian, Exherbo Linux, Fedora, Generic Linux, Gentoo Linux, Guix System, IBM PowerKVM, Kali Linux, KVM for IBM z Systems, Linux Mint, Mageia, Mandriva Linux, Manjaro Linux, Nobara, openSUSE, openSUSE Tumbleweed, OpenWrt, Oracle Linux, Parallels, Pidora, Raspbian, RedHat Enterprise Linux, Rocky Linux, Scientific Linux, Slackware, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server, Tuxedo OS, Ubuntu, Ultramarine, Void Linux, Windows Subsystem for Linux v1, Windows Subsystem for Linux v2, XenServer.
[^unix]: Unix: Cygwin, GNU/Hurd, Haiku, IBM AIX, illumos, Solaris.标签：DNS解析, JSON 请求, uv, XKCD 1654, 依赖管理, 元包管理器, 包管理, 包管理器, 多平台支持, 威胁情报, 工具封装, 开发者工具, 开源项目, 快速启动, 版本兼容, 特权提升, 统一API, 统一命令行工具, 自动化部署, 软件包管理, 逆向工具, 通用安装脚本